1. Introduction: In the Civil Engineering field, we have to search a structure with lower weight and cost, to reach minimal energy and materials. Since using of Cellular and Castellated Beams can provide higher bending strength and stiffness without increasing the weight of the structure, therefore, in the recent years, they have lionized by most researchers. In some structures like bridges, in order to large stiffness and high strength, we have to use special beams with large dimensions and height. On the other hand, to solve this necessity, it is not possible to use hot-rolled Castellated Beams. So Castellated plate girders can be used. In this paper, it is denoted that castellated plate girders can be used in long spans as a convenient choice...

Plastic hinge properties play a crucial role in predicting the nonlinear response of structural elements. The plastic hinge region of reinforced concrete normal beams has been previously studied experimentally and analytically. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the behavior of the plastic hinge region of reinforced concrete deep beams and its comparison with normal beams through finite element simulation. To do so, ten beams contain six deep beams, and four normal beams, under concentrated and uniformly distributed loading, are investigated. Lengths in the plastic hinge region involving curvature localization, rebar yielding, and concrete crushing zones are studied. The results indicate that the curvature localization zone is not suitable for the prediction of plastic hinge length in reinforced concrete deep beams. Based on the results it can be stated that in simply supported normal beams the concrete crushing zone is focused on the middle span, but in simply supported deep beams by creating a compression strut between loading place and support, the concrete crushing zone spreads along the compression trajectory. The rebar yielding zone of simply supported beams increases as the loading type is changed from the concentrated load at the middle to the uniformly distributed load.